![]() ![]() In addition to these traditional indigenous modes of use, in the 20th century, new religious movements in Brazil incorporated ayahuasca as a sacrament into their rituals. The traditional indigenous Amazonian uses of ayahuasca involve an array of ceremonial practices ( McKenna, 2006). The psychoactive effects of DMT are comparable to those of other psychedelics that strongly affect the central nervous system ( Hofmann, Ratsch, & Schultes, 1992 Pierce & Peroutka, 1989 Riba et al., 2003 Smith, Canton, Barrett, & Sanders-Bush, 1998 Waldmeier & Maître, 1977), and include profound changes in perception, affect, and cognition ( Shanon, 2002) for the duration of the effects of the substance. The combination of both an MAOI and DMT is required to produce the psychedelic effects, which result from MAOI inhibiting the metabolism of orally ingested DMT ( McKenna, Towers, & Abbott, 1984 Riba et al., 2003). Diverse botanical admixture plants may also be included in some ayahuasca brews. The sources and concentrations of MAOIs and DMT may vary based on phytogenetics, growing conditions, and tradition. Traditional ayahuasca is made from the stalk of the vine Banisteriopsis caapi, a source of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and typically the leaves of the Psychotria viridis shrub, a source of N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). ![]() Ayahuasca is a psychoactive decoction that produces cognitive shifts, emotional lability, and visionary experiences, and has a longstanding history of use in the Amazon basin region of South America ( Grob et al., 1996 Rätsch, 2005). ![]()
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